Texas House of Representatives District 53 Label Beef

Lower house of Texas's legislature

Texas House of Representatives
Eighty-seventh Texas Legislature
Type
Type	Lower house of the Texas State Legislature
Term limits	None
History
New session started	January 12, 2021
Leadership
Speaker	Dade Phelan (R) since January 12, 2021
Speaker pro tempore	Vacant since July 15, 2021
Republican Caucus Chair	Jim Murphy (R) since January 12, 2021
Democratic Caucus Chair	Chris Turner (D) since January 30, 2017
Structure
Seats	150
Political groups	Republican (85) Democratic (65)
Length of term	2 years
Authority	Article 3, Texas Constitution
Salary	$7,200/year + per diem
Elections
Voting system	First-past-the-post
Last election	November 3, 2020 (150 seats)
Next election	November 8, 2022 (150 seats)
Redistricting	Legislative control
Meeting place
House of Representatives Chamber Texas State Capitol Austin, Texas
Website
Texas House of Representatives

The Texas House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature. It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms. As of the 2010 United States census, each member represents about 167,637 people. There are no term limits. The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin.

Leadership [edit]

Position	Name	Party	Residence	District
Speaker of the House	Dade Phelan	Republican	Beaumont	21
Speaker Pro Tempore	Vacant
Republican Caucus Chair	Jim Murphy	Republican	Fort Worth	91
Democratic Caucus Chair	Chris Turner	Democratic	Grand Prairie	101

The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer and highest-ranking member of the House. The Speaker's duties include maintaining order within the House, recognizing members during debate, ruling on procedural matters, appointing members to the various committees and sending bills for committee review. The Speaker pro tempore is primarily a ceremonial position, but does, by long-standing tradition, preside over the House during its consideration of local and consent bills.

Unlike other state legislatures, the House rules do not formally recognize majority or minority leaders. The unofficial leaders are the Republican Caucus Chairman and the Democratic House Leader, both of whom are elected by their respective caucuses.

Composition [edit]

Affiliation	Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)			Total
	Republican	Democrat	Ind		Vacant
End 2010	75	73	0	148	2
Begin 2011	101	49	0	150	0
End 2012		48		149	1
Begin 2013	95	55	0	150	0
End 2014
Begin 2015	98	52	0	150	0
End 2016	99	50	1
Begin 2017	95	55	0	150	0
End 2018	94	56
2019-2020	83	67	0	150	0
Begin 2021[1]	82	67	0	149	1
March 6, 2021[2]	83			150	0
July 30, 2021[3]	82			149	1
August 19, 2021[4]		66		148	2
October 12, 2021[5]	83			149	1
November 3, 2021[6]	84			150	0
November 15, 2021[7]	85	65
January 31, 2022[8]		64		149	1
Latest voting share	57%	43%

Current House Districts and Party Affiliation

 Republican Party

 Democratic Party

List of current representatives [edit]

District	Representative	Party	Since	Residence	Counties represented
1	Gary VanDeaver	Republican	2015	New Boston	Bowie, Franklin, Lamar, Red River
2	Bryan Slaton	Republican	2021	Royse City	Hopkins, Hunt, Van Zandt
3	Cecil Bell Jr.	Republican	2013	Magnolia	Montgomery, Waller
4	Keith Bell	Republican	2019	Forney	Henderson, Kaufman
5	Cole Hefner	Republican	2017	Mount Pleasant	Camp, Morris, Rains, Smith, Titus, Wood
6	Matt Schaefer	Republican	2013	Arp	Smith
7	Jay Dean	Republican	2017	Longview	Gregg, Harrison
8	Cody Harris	Republican	2019	Palestine	Anderson, Freestone, Hill, Navarro
9	Vacant since March 8, 2022.				Cass, Harrison, Marion, Panola, Sabine, Shelby
10	Brian Harrison	Republican	2021	Midlothian	Ellis, Henderson
11	Travis Clardy	Republican	2013	Nacogdoches	Cherokee, Nacogdoches, Rusk
12	Kyle Kacal	Republican	2013	College Station	Brazos, Falls, Limestone, McLennan, Robertson
13	Ben Leman	Republican	2018	Iola	Austin, Burleson, Colorado, Fayette, Grimes, Lavaca, Washington
14	John N. Raney	Republican	2011	Bryan	Brazos
15	Steve Toth	Republican	2019	Conroe	Montgomery
16	Will Metcalf	Republican	2015	Montgomery	Montgomery
17	John Cyrier	Republican	2015	Lockhart	Bastrop, Caldwell, Gonzales, Karnes, Lee
18	Ernest Bailes	Republican	2017	Shepherd	Liberty, San Jacinto, Walker
19	James White	Republican	2011	Hillister	Hardin, Jasper, Newton, Polk, Tyler
20	Terry Wilson	Republican	2017	Georgetown	Burnet, Milam, Williamson
21	Dade Phelan	Republican	2015	Beaumont	Jefferson, Orange
22	Joe Deshotel	Democratic	1999	Beaumont	Jefferson
23	Mayes Middleton	Republican	2019	Galveston	Chambers, Galveston
24	Greg Bonnen	Republican	2013	Friendswood	Galveston
25	Cody Vasut	Republican	2021	Angleton	Brazoria, Matagorda
26	Jacey Jetton	Republican	2021	Richmond	Fort Bend
27	Ron Reynolds	Democratic	2011	Missouri City	Fort Bend
28	Gary Gates	Republican	2020	Richmond	Fort Bend
29	Ed Thompson	Republican	2013	Pearland	Brazoria
30	Geanie Morrison	Republican	1999	Victoria	Aransas, Calhoun, DeWitt, Goliad, Refugio, Victoria
31	Ryan Guillen	Republican	2003	Rio Grande City	Atascosa, Brooks, Duval, Jim Hogg, Kenedy, La Salle, Live Oak, McMullen, Starr, Willacy
32	Todd Ames Hunter	Republican	2009	Corpus Christi	Nueces
33	Justin Holland	Republican	2017	Heath	Collin, Rockwall
34	Abel Herrero	Democratic	2013	Robstown	Nueces
35	Oscar Longoria	Democratic	2013	La Joya	Cameron, Hidalgo
36	Sergio Muñoz	Democratic	2011	Palmview	Hidalgo
37	Alex Dominguez	Democratic	2019	Brownsville	Cameron
38	Erin Gamez	Democratic	2022	Brownsville	Cameron
39	Armando Martinez	Democratic	2005	Weslaco	Hidalgo
40	Terry Canales	Democratic	2013	Edinburg	Hidalgo
41	Robert Guerra	Democratic	2012	Mission	Hidalgo
42	Richard Raymond	Democratic	2001	Laredo	Webb
43	J. M. Lozano	Republican	2011	Kingsville	Bee, Jim Wells, Kleberg, San Patricio
44	John Kuempel	Republican	2011	Seguin	Guadalupe, Wilson
45	Erin Zwiener	Democratic	2019	Driftwood	Blanco, Hays
46	Sheryl Cole	Democratic	2019	Austin	Travis
47	Vikki Goodwin	Democratic	2019	Austin	Travis
48	Donna Howard	Democratic	2006	Austin	Travis
49	Gina Hinojosa	Democratic	2017	Austin	Travis
50	Celia Israel	Democratic	2014	Austin	Travis
51	Eddie Rodriguez	Democratic	2003	Austin	Travis
52	James Talarico	Democratic	2018	Round Rock	Williamson
53	Andrew Murr	Republican	2015	Junction	Bandera, Crockett, Edwards, Kerr, Kimble, Llano, Mason, Medina, Menard, Real, Schleicher, Sutton
54	Brad Buckley	Republican	2019	Salado	Bell, Lampasas
55	Hugh Shine	Republican	2017	Temple	Bell
56	Charles Anderson	Republican	2005	Lorena	McLennan
57	Trent Ashby	Republican	2013	Lufkin	Angelina, Houston, Leon, Madison, San Augustine, Trinity
58	DeWayne Burns	Republican	2015	Cleburne	Bosque, Johnson
59	Shelby Slawson	Republican	2021	Stephenville	Comanche, Coryell, Erath, Hamilton, McCulloch, Mills, San Saba, Somervell
60	Glenn Rogers	Republican	2021	Graford	Brown, Callahan, Coleman, Eastland, Hood, Palo Pinto, Shackelford, Stephens
61	Phil King	Republican	1999	Weatherford	Parker, Wise
62	Reggie Smith	Republican	2018	Van Alstyne	Delta, Fannin, Grayson
63	Tan Parker	Republican	2007	Flower Mound	Denton
64	Lynn Stucky	Republican	2017	Sanger	Denton
65	Michelle Beckley	Democratic	2019	Carrollton	Denton
66	Matt Shaheen	Republican	2015	Plano	Collin
67	Jeff Leach	Republican	2013	Allen	Collin
68	David Spiller	Republican	2021	Jacksboro	Childress, Collingsworth, Cooke, Cottle, Crosby, Dickens, Fisher, Floyd, Garza, Hall, Hardeman, Haskell, Jack, Kent, King, Montague, Motley, Stonewall, Throckmorton, Wheeler, Wilbarger, Young
69	James Frank	Republican	2013	Wichita Falls	Archer, Baylor, Clay, Foard, Knox, Wichita
70	Scott Sanford	Republican	2013	McKinney	Collin
71	Stan Lambert	Republican	2017	Abilene	Jones, Nolan, Taylor
72	Drew Darby	Republican	2007	San Angelo	Coke, Concho, Glasscock, Howard, Irion, Reagan, Runnels, Sterling, Tom Green
73	Kyle Biedermann	Republican	2017	Fredericksburg	Comal, Gillespie, Kendall
74	Eddie Morales	Democratic	2021	Eagle Pass	Brewster, Culberson, Hudspeth, Jeff Davis, Kinney, Loving, Maverick, Pecos, Presidio, Reeves, Terrell, Val Verde
75	Mary González	Democratic	2013	Clint	El Paso
76	Claudia Ordaz Perez	Democratic	2021	El Paso	El Paso
77	Evelina Ortega	Democratic	2017	El Paso	El Paso
78	Joe Moody	Democratic	2013	El Paso	El Paso
79	Art Fierro	Democratic	2019	El Paso	El Paso
80	Tracy King	Democratic	2005	Uvalde	Dimmit, Frio, Uvalde, Webb, Zapata, Zavala
81	Brooks Landgraf	Republican	2015	Odessa	Andrews, Ector, Ward, Winkler
82	Tom Craddick	Republican	1969	Midland	Crane, Dawson, Martin, Midland, Upton
83	Dustin Burrows	Republican	2015	Lubbock	Borden, Gaines, Lubbock, Lynn, Mitchell, Scurry, Terry
84	John Frullo	Republican	2011	Lubbock	Lubbock
85	Phil Stephenson	Republican	2013	Wharton	Fort Bend, Jackson, Wharton
86	John T. Smithee	Republican	1985	Amarillo	Dallam, Deaf Smith, Hartley, Oldham, Parmer, Randall
87	Four Price	Republican	2011	Amarillo	Carson, Hutchinson, Moore, Potter, Sherman
88	Ken King	Republican	2013	Canadian	Armstrong, Bailey, Briscoe, Castro, Cochran, Donley, Gray, Hale, Hansford, Hemphill, Hockley, Lamb, Lipscomb, Ochiltree, Roberts, Swisher, Yoakum
89	Candy Noble	Republican	2019	Lucas	Collin
90	Ramon Romero Jr.	Democratic	2015	Fort Worth	Tarrant
91	Stephanie Klick	Republican	2013	Fort Worth	Tarrant
92	Jeff Cason	Republican	2021	Bedford	Tarrant
93	Matt Krause	Republican	2013	Haslet	Tarrant
94	Tony Tinderholt	Republican	2015	Arlington	Tarrant
95	Nicole Collier	Democratic	2013	Fort Worth	Tarrant
96	David Cook	Republican	2021	Mansfield	Tarrant
97	Craig Goldman	Republican	2013	Fort Worth	Tarrant
98	Giovanni Capriglione	Republican	2013	Southlake	Tarrant
99	Charlie Geren	Republican	2001	Fort Worth	Tarrant
100	Jasmine Crockett	Democratic	2021	Dallas	Dallas
101	Chris Turner	Democratic	2013	Grand Prairie	Tarrant
102	Ana-Maria Ramos	Democratic	2019	Richardson	Dallas
103	Rafael Anchia	Democratic	2005	Dallas	Dallas
104	Jessica González	Democratic	2019	Dallas	Dallas
105	Terry Meza	Democratic	2019	Irving	Dallas
106	Jared Patterson	Republican	2019	Frisco	Denton
107	Victoria Neave	Democratic	2017	Mesquite	Dallas
108	Morgan Meyer	Republican	2015	Dallas	Dallas
109	Carl Sherman	Democratic	2019	DeSoto	Dallas
110	Toni Rose	Democratic	2013	Dallas	Dallas
111	Yvonne Davis	Democratic	1993	DeSoto	Dallas
112	Angie Chen Button	Republican	2009	Garland	Dallas
113	Rhetta Bowers	Democratic	2019	Rowlett	Dallas
114	John Turner	Democratic	2019	Dallas	Dallas
115	Julie Johnson	Democratic	2019	Farmers Branch	Dallas
116	Trey Martinez Fischer	Democratic	2019	San Antonio	Bexar
117	Philip Cortez	Democratic	2017	San Antonio	Bexar
118	John Lujan	Republican	2021	San Antonio	Bexar
119	Elizabeth Campos	Democratic	2021	San Antonio	Bexar
120	Barbara Gervin-Hawkins	Democratic	2017	San Antonio	Bexar
121	Steve Allison	Republican	2019	San Antonio	Bexar
122	Lyle Larson	Republican	2011	San Antonio	Bexar
123	Diego Bernal	Democratic	2015	San Antonio	Bexar
124	Ina Minjarez	Democratic	2015	San Antonio	Bexar
125	Ray Lopez	Democratic	2019	San Antonio	Bexar
126	Sam Harless	Republican	2019	Spring	Harris
127	Dan Huberty	Republican	2011	Humble	Harris
128	Briscoe Cain	Republican	2017	Deer Park	Harris
129	Dennis Paul	Republican	2015	Houston	Harris
130	Tom Oliverson	Republican	2017	Cypress	Harris
131	Alma Allen	Democratic	2005	Houston	Harris
132	Mike Schofield	Republican	2021	Katy	Harris
133	Jim Murphy	Republican	2011	Houston	Harris
134	Ann Johnson	Democratic	2021	Houston	Harris
135	Jon Rosenthal	Democratic	2019	Houston	Harris
136	John Bucy III	Democratic	2019	Austin	Williamson
137	Gene Wu	Democratic	2013	Houston	Harris
138	Lacey Hull	Republican	2021	Houston	Harris
139	Jarvis Johnson	Democratic	2016	Houston	Harris
140	Armando Walle	Democratic	2009	Houston	Harris
141	Senfronia Thompson	Democratic	1973	Houston	Harris
142	Harold Dutton Jr.	Democratic	1985	Houston	Harris
143	Ana Hernandez	Democratic	2005	Houston	Harris
144	Mary Ann Perez	Democratic	2017	Houston	Harris
145	Christina Morales	Democratic	2019	Houston	Harris
146	Shawn Thierry	Democratic	2017	Houston	Harris
147	Vacant since February 28, 2022.				Harris
148	Penny Morales Shaw	Democratic	2021	Houston	Harris
149	Hubert Vo	Democratic	2005	Houston	Harris
150	Valoree Swanson	Republican	2017	Spring	Harris

Notable past members [edit]

• Eligio (Kika) De La Garza, II, first Mexican-American to represent his region in the US House and the second Mexican-American from Texas to be elected to Congress (1965–1997).^[9]
• Ray Barnhart, Federal Highway Administrator (1981–1987)
• Anita Lee Blair, first blind woman elected to a state legislature
• Jack Brooks, U.S. House of Representatives (1953–1995)
• Dolph Briscoe, Governor of Texas (1973–1979)
• Frank Kell Cahoon, Midland County oilman and representative from 1965 to 1969; only Republican member in 1965 legislative session
• Carter Casteel, state House member, 2003–2007; former school board member and county judge in Comal County, lawyer in New Braunfels
• Joaquin Castro, U.S. Representative (2013–present)
• Tom DeLay, U.S. Representative (1985–2006) and House Majority Leader (2003–2005)
• John Nance Garner, U.S. Representative (1903–1933), Speaker of the House (1931–1933), and Vice President of the United States (1933–1941)
• O.H. "Ike" Harris, Dallas County representative from 1963 to 1965; state senator (1967–1995)
• Sarah T. Hughes, United States district court judge
• Robert Dean Hunter, former executive vice president of the Independent Colleges and Universities of Texas
• Suzanna Hupp, House of Representatives (1997–2007), survived the Luby's shooting, went on to champion individual gun ownership and carry rights.
• Kay Bailey Hutchison, U.S. Senator (1993–2013)
• Ray Hutchison, husband of Kay Bailey Hutchison
• Eddie Bernice Johnson, first Black woman ever elected to public office from Dallas, first woman in Texas history to lead a major Texas House committee (the Labor Committee), and the first registered nurse elected to Congress.
• Samuel Ealy Johnson, Jr., father of President Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969)
• Dan Kubiak, representative from Rockdale known for his support of public education
• Mickey Leland, U.S. House of Representatives (1979–1989), died in a plane crash.
• Charles Henry Nimitz (1826–1911) Born in Bremen. In 1852, built the Nimitz Hotel in Fredericksburg, which now houses the National Museum of the Pacific War. Grandfather of United States Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz. Elected to the Texas Legislature 1890.
• Rick Perry, longest serving Governor of Texas, (2000–2015) and former U.S. Secretary of Energy (2017-2019).
• Colonel Alfred P.C. Petsch (1925–1941) Lawyer, legislator, civic leader, and philanthropist. Veteran of both World War I and World War II.
• Sam Rayburn, U.S. Representative (1913–1961) and longest served Speaker of the House (1940–1947, 1949–1953, 1955–1961)
• Coke R. Stevenson, Governor of Texas (1941–1947)
• Sarah Weddington, attorney for "Jane Roe" for the 1973 Roe v. Wade case in the U.S. Supreme Court
• Ferdinand C. Weinert, coauthored bill to establish the Pasteur Institute of Texas, authored resolution for humane treatment of state convicts, coauthored the indeterminate sentence and parole law. Also served as Texas Secretary of State
• Charles Wilson, U.S. House of Representatives (1973–1996), subject of the book and film Charlie Wilson's War

Officials [edit]

Speaker of the House [edit]

The Speaker of the House of Representatives has duties as a presiding officer as well as administrative duties. As a presiding officer, the Speaker must enforce, apply, and interpret the rules of the House, call House members to order, lay business in order before the House and receive propositions made by members, refer proposed legislation to a committee, preserve order and decorum, recognize people in the gallery, state and hold votes on questions, vote as a member of the House, decide on all questions to order, appoint the Speaker Pro Tempore and Temporary Chair, adjourn the House in the event of an emergency, postpone reconvening in the event of an emergency, and sign all bills, joint resolutions, and concurrent resolutions. The administrative duties of the Speaker include having control over the Hall of the House, appointing chair, vice-chair, and members to each standing committee, appointing all conference committees, and directing committees to make interim studies.^[10]

Chief Clerk [edit]

The Chief Clerk is the head of the Chief Clerk's Office which maintains a record of all authors who sign legislation, maintains and distributes membership information to current house members, and forwards copies of legislation to house committee chairs.^[11] The Chief Clerk is the primary custodian of all legal documents within House. Additional duties include keeping a record of all progress on a document, attesting all warrants, writs, and subpoenas, receiving and filing all documents received by the house, and maintaining the electronic information and calendar for documents. When there is a considerable update of the electronic source website, the Chief Clerk is also responsible for noticing House members via email.^[10]

Committees [edit]

• Agriculture and Livestock
• Appropriations^{[note 1]}
  • Subcommittee on Articles I, IV & V
  • Subcommittee on Article II
  • Subcommittee on Article III
  • Subcommittee on Articles VI, VII & VIII
  • Subcommittee on Infrastructure, Resiliency & Invest
• Business & Industry
• Calendars
• Corrections
• County Affairs
• Criminal Jurisprudence
• Culture, Recreation & Tourism
• Defense & Veterans' Affairs
• Elections
• Energy Resources
• Environmental Regulation
• General Investigating
• Higher Education
• Homeland Security & Public Safety
• House Administration
• Human Services
• Insurance
• International Relations & Economic Development
• Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence
• Juvenile Justice & Family Issues
• Land & Resource Management
• Licensing & Administrative Procedures
• Local & Consent Calendars
• Natural Resources
• Pensions, Investments & Financial Services
• Public Education
• Public Health
• Redistricting
• Resolutions Calendar
• State Affairs
• Transportation
• Urban Affairs
• Ways & Means

In addition to these committees, there are also six joint committees composed of members of both the State House and Senate:

• Criminal Justice Legislative Oversight
• Legislative Audit Board
• Legislative Budget Board
• Legislative Library Board
• Sunset Advisory Commission
• Texas Legislative Council

Notable controversies [edit]

House voting controversy [edit]

On May 14, 2007, CBS Austin affiliate KEYE reported on multiple voting by representatives during House floor sessions.^[12] The report noted how representatives register votes for absent members on the House's automated voting machines. Each representative would vote for the nearest absent members (apparently regardless of party affiliation). This practice was in direct violation of a Rule of the House; however, no representative had ever been disciplined for the practice in the almost 70 years since the rule was adopted. Speaker Craddick, responsible for enforcement of House Rules, issued a statement that discipline for violations of the rule is left to the individual members.

Craddick removal controversy [edit]

Chaos erupted in the Texas House of Representatives on Friday, May 25, 2007, when Rep. Fred Hill, R-Richardson, attempted to offer a motion to remove Tom Craddick as Speaker and have the House elect a new speaker. Craddick (also a Republican) refused to allow him to make the motion.^[13] The attempts to oust Craddick continued through the weekend as other Republicans made additional motions, which were also disallowed.

The last time a Texas House speaker was removed by a vote of his fellow members was in 1871, when the House adopted a resolution removing Speaker Ira Evans. The Republican House majority removed Evans because he was seen as cooperating too much with Democrats on an elections bill.^[13] While Craddick's close allies say the 2007 attempt to remove Craddick was just an effort by Democrats to gain greater control of the legislature before the legislative and congressional redistricting process of 2011,^[13] Rep. Byron Cook, R-Corsicana, said that the fight was about Craddick consolidating power with lobbyists and using campaign contributions to maintain control of the House: "This is about the convergence of money and power and influence."^[13]

In January 2009, Craddick lost the Speaker's chair after a challenge from Joe Straus.

Cook committee hearing closure controversy (2013) [edit]

On June 20, 2013 Byron Cook served as chairman of the House State Affairs Committee hearing on Texas State House Bill 60. Cook's stance was for the passing of the bill and during the hearing he interrupted a testimony, saying "Some of us do (adopt children)." At 12:00 AM on June 21, Cook decided to close the hearing prematurely.^[14] Cook's explanation for breaching Texas State Legislature operating procedures was that the testimonies being heard had become repetitive. Twenty-four minutes later, Cook became personally offended by a testimony, ordering the cameras to be shut off and leaving the room of committee members and witnesses. Approximately 20 minutes afterwards, Cook was persuaded by colleagues to resume the hearing and continued listening to testimonies until he prematurely closed the hearing at 1:30 AM.^[15]

2021 quorum bust [edit]

On July 12, 2021, during a special session, at least 51 Democratic members of the House fled the state in two charter jets bound for Washington, D.C., in an effort to block Republican-backed election legislation from passing. The lawmakers plan to spend more than three weeks in Washington, running out the clock on the session, which began July 8, and advocating for federal voting legislation such as the For the People Act.^[16]

Governor Abbott was reported as saying that he would arrest the representatives upon return to the state and force them into attendance, and that he would call successive special sessions until the bill is voted on. However, he lacked the jurisdiction to do such outside of Texas's borders.^[17] The special session expired on August 6, however Abbott called a second session which began the next day. State District Judge Brad Urrutia granted a restraining order on August 9 temporarily protecting the absent Democrats from arrest by the state, however this restraining order was voided by the Texas Supreme Court the next day.^[18] On August 10, with the chamber still lacking a quorum, Speaker Dade Phelan issued arrest warrants for the 52 absent Democratic members of the House.^[19]

Past composition [edit]

See also [edit]

• Thomas Caruthers
• Texas Government Newsletter

Notes [edit]

1. ^ The biennial appropriations bill is divided into eight Articles: General Government (I), Health and Human Services (II), Agencies of Education (III), The Judiciary (IV), Public Safety and Criminal Justice (V), Natural Resources (VI), Business and Economic Development (VII), and Regulatory (VIII). See http://gov.texas.gov/budget for an example of a budget showing the Articles.

References [edit]

1. ^ Republican Drew Springer (District 68) resigned intersession on December 19, 2020 after being elected in a special election to the Texas Senate.
2. ^ Republican David Spiller sworn in to succeed Springer.
3. ^ Republican Jake Ellzey (District 10) resigned after being elected to the United States Congress.
4. ^ Democrat Leo Pacheco (District 118) resigned [1]
5. ^ Republican Brian Harrison sworn in to succeed Ellzey.
6. ^ Republican John Lujan sworn in to succeed Pacheco.
7. ^ Ryan Guillen (District 31) switched parties from Democratic to Republican.
8. ^ Eddie Lucio III (District 38) resigned. [2]
9. ^ Hispanic Americans in Congress, 1822-2012. U.S. Government Printing Office. 2013. p. 422. ISBN016092068X.
10. ^ ^{a b} "Texas House Rules" (PDF). Texas House of Representatives . Retrieved March 1, 2016.
11. ^ "Service Providers". Guide to Texas Legislative Information. Archived from the original on February 15, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
12. ^ CBS Channel 42 KeyeTV Investigates: One Lawmaker, Many Votes?, May 14, 2007, available at "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eG6X-xtVask"; see also Wilson, Nanci, One Lawmaker, Many Votes?, May 14, 2007, available at "www.keyetv.com/topstories/local_story_134224129.html"
13. ^ ^{a b c d} R.G. Ratcliffe and Gary Scharrer. "The House struggles to move forward". Houston Chronicle, chron.com (May 27, 2007) . Retrieved May 27, 2007.
14. ^ "Anti-Abortion Bills Back on the Table". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
15. ^ "House panel quickly OKs 3 abortion bills". www.statesman.com. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
16. ^ Timm, Jane C. (July 12, 2021). "Texas Democrats flee state in effort to block GOP-backed voting restrictions". NBC News.
17. ^ Allen, Mike (July 13, 2021). "Texas Dems fly to Swamp to run out clock". Axios . Retrieved July 13, 2021.
18. ^ Barrágan, James (August 10, 2021). "Texas Supreme Court allows for arrest of Democrats who don't show up to Legislature". The Texas Tribune.
19. ^ Blankley, Bethany (August 11, 2021). "Texas Speaker Phelan signs arrest warrants for 52 AWOL House Democrats". Tyler Morning Telegraph.

External links [edit]

• Official website

killionteramagne.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives

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