Can a Baby Get Fas in the 3rd Trimester
On this page:
- What role do thyroid hormones play in pregnancy?
- Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy
- Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy
- Postpartum Thyroiditis
- Is information technology rubber to breastfeed while I'm taking beta-blockers, thyroid hormone, or antithyroid medicines?
- Thyroid Illness and Eating During Pregnancy
- Clinical Trials
Thyroid disease is a group of disorders that affects the thyroid gland. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front end of your neck that makes thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones command how your body uses energy, so they affect the way virtually every organ in your body works—even the way your heart beats.
Sometimes the thyroid makes too much or too piffling of these hormones. Besides much thyroid hormone is called hyperthyroidism and can cause many of your trunk'southward functions to speed up. "Hyper" means the thyroid is overactive. Learn more about hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Too little thyroid hormone is called hypothyroidism and can cause many of your body'southward functions to slow down. "Hypo" means the thyroid is underactive. Learn more than about hypothyroidism in pregnancy.
If you have thyroid problems, you tin still take a healthy pregnancy and protect your babe's health by having regular thyroid function tests and taking whatever medicines that your doc prescribes.
What role do thyroid hormones play in pregnancy?
Thyroid hormones are crucial for normal development of your babe's brain and nervous system. During the outset trimester—the first 3 months of pregnancy—your baby depends on your supply of thyroid hormone, which comes through the placenta. At around 12 weeks, your baby's thyroid starts to work on its own, but it doesn't make enough thyroid hormone until 18 to 20 weeks of pregnancy.
Two pregnancy-related hormones—human being chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen—crusade college measured thyroid hormone levels in your blood. The thyroid enlarges slightly in healthy women during pregnancy, but usually non enough for a health care professional to feel during a physical exam.
Thyroid problems tin can be hard to diagnose in pregnancy due to higher levels of thyroid hormones and other symptoms that occur in both pregnancy and thyroid disorders. Some symptoms of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism are easier to spot and may prompt your doctor to examination you for these thyroid diseases.
Some other type of thyroid disease, postpartum thyroiditis, can occur afterward your babe is born.
Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy
What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy?
Some signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism often occur in normal pregnancies, including faster heart rate, problem dealing with heat, and tiredness.
Other signs and symptoms tin can suggest hyperthyroidism:
- fast and irregular heartbeat
- shaky hands
- unexplained weight loss or failure to take normal pregnancy weight proceeds
What causes hyperthyroidism in pregnancy?
Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy is usually caused by Graves' disease and occurs in 1 to 4 of every 1,000 pregnancies in the United States.1 Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder. With this disease, your immune organization makes antibodies that crusade the thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone. This antibody is called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin, or TSI.
Graves' disease may first appear during pregnancy. However, if you already have Graves' disease, your symptoms could improve in your second and third trimesters. Some parts of your immune system are less active later in pregnancy so your immune system makes less TSI. This may be why symptoms improve. Graves' disease oftentimes gets worse once again in the first few months afterwards your baby is born, when TSI levels become up again. If y'all have Graves' disease, your md volition well-nigh likely exam your thyroid function monthly throughout your pregnancy and may need to care for your hyperthyroidism.ane Thyroid hormone levels that are besides loftier tin harm your wellness and your baby'due south.
Rarely, hyperthyroidism in pregnancy is linked to hyperemesis gravidarum—astringent nausea and airsickness that can lead to weight loss and dehydration. Experts believe this severe nausea and vomiting is caused by loftier levels of hCG early in pregnancy. Loftier hCG levels can cause the thyroid to brand as well much thyroid hormone. This type of hyperthyroidism normally goes abroad during the 2nd half of pregnancy.
Less often, i or more nodules, or lumps in your thyroid, make besides much thyroid hormone.
How can hyperthyroidism affect me and my baby?
Untreated hyperthyroidism during pregnancy tin lead to
- miscarriage
- premature birth
- low birthweight
- preeclampsia—a dangerous rise in claret pressure in tardily pregnancy
- thyroid storm—a sudden, astringent worsening of symptoms
- congestive heart failure
Rarely, Graves' disease may also touch on a baby's thyroid, causing it to make too much thyroid hormone. Even if your hyperthyroidism was cured past radioactive iodine handling to destroy thyroid cells or surgery to remove your thyroid, your body however makes the TSI antibody. When levels of this antibody are loftier, TSI may travel to your infant'southward bloodstream. Just every bit TSI caused your ain thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone, it can also cause your baby'due south thyroid to make besides much.
Tell your doctor if y'all've had surgery or radioactive iodine treatment for Graves' disease and then he or she can bank check your TSI levels. If they are very high, your doctor volition monitor your baby for thyroid-related problems later in your pregnancy.
An overactive thyroid in a newborn can lead to
- a fast heart charge per unit, which tin can lead to middle failure
- early closing of the soft spot in the baby'south skull
- poor weight proceeds
- irritability
Sometimes an enlarged thyroid can printing against your baby'southward windpipe and brand it hard for your baby to breathe. If you lot have Graves' disease, your health intendance team should closely monitor you and your newborn.
How do doctors diagnose hyperthyroidism in pregnancy?
Your doctor will review your symptoms and practice some blood tests to mensurate your thyroid hormone levels. Your doctor may as well look for antibodies in your blood to see if Graves' disease is causing your hyperthyroidism. Acquire more than about thyroid tests and what the results mean.
How practise doctors treat hyperthyroidism during pregnancy?
If you have mild hyperthyroidism during pregnancy, you probably won't need treatment. If your hyperthyroidism is linked to hyperemesis gravidarum, you only need handling for vomiting and dehydration.
If your hyperthyroidism is more than astringent, your doc may prescribe antithyroid medicines, which cause your thyroid to make less thyroid hormone. This treatment prevents too much of your thyroid hormone from getting into your infant'south bloodstream. You may want to encounter a specialist, such equally an endocrinologist or expert in maternal-fetal medicine, who can carefully monitor your baby to make sure you're getting the right dose.
Doctors most oftentimes treat pregnant women with the antithyroid medicine propylthiouracil (PTU) during the get-go three months of pregnancy. Another blazon of antithyroid medicine, methimazole, is easier to accept and has fewer side effects, but is slightly more likely to cause serious birth defects than PTU. Nascence defects with either blazon of medicine are rare. Sometimes doctors switch to methimazole after the first trimester of pregnancy. Some women no longer demand antithyroid medicine in the third trimester.
Small-scale amounts of antithyroid medicine motion into the baby'southward bloodstream and lower the amount of thyroid hormone the baby makes. If you take antithyroid medicine, your doctor will prescribe the everyman possible dose to avoid hypothyroidism in your baby but enough to treat the high thyroid hormone levels that tin can also bear on your baby.
Antithyroid medicines can cause side furnishings in some people, including
- allergic reactions such as rashes and itching
- rarely, a decrease in the number of white blood cells in the body, which can make it harder for your trunk to fight infection
- liver failure, in rare cases
End your antithyroid medicine and call your doctor right away if you develop any of these symptoms while taking antithyroid medicines:
- yellowing of your pare or the whites of your eyes, called jaundice
- dull pain in your abdomen
- constant sore throat
- fever
If yous don't hear back from your doctor the same 24-hour interval, you should go to the nearest emergency room.
You lot should as well contact your dr. if any of these symptoms develop for the starting time time while yous're taking antithyroid medicines:
- increased tiredness or weakness
- loss of ambition
- pare rash or itching
- piece of cake bruising
If you are allergic to or have severe side furnishings from antithyroid medicines, your doctor may consider surgery to remove role or most of your thyroid gland. The best time for thyroid surgery during pregnancy is in the 2d trimester.
Radioactive iodine treatment is not an option for pregnant women because it can harm the baby'southward thyroid gland.
Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy
What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism in pregnancy?
Symptoms of an underactive thyroid are often the same for pregnant women as for other people with hypothyroidism. Symptoms include
- extreme tiredness
- problem dealing with cold
- muscle cramps
- astringent constipation
- problems with memory or concentration
Most cases of hypothyroidism in pregnancy are mild and may non accept symptoms.
What causes hypothyroidism in pregnancy?
Hypothyroidism in pregnancy is normally caused by Hashimoto's illness and occurs in 2 to 3 out of every 100 pregnancies.1 Hashimoto'southward disease is an autoimmune disorder. In Hashimoto's disease, the immune organisation makes antibodies that attack the thyroid, causing inflammation and impairment that make it less able to brand thyroid hormones.
How can hypothyroidism bear upon me and my infant?
Untreated hypothyroidism during pregnancy can lead to
- preeclampsia—a dangerous ascent in claret force per unit area in late pregnancy
- anemia
- miscarriage
- depression birthweight
- stillbirth
- congestive middle failure, rarely
These problems occur most often with astringent hypothyroidism.
Because thyroid hormones are so of import to your baby's brain and nervous system development, untreated hypothyroidism—especially during the first trimester—can cause low IQ and problems with normal evolution.
How do doctors diagnose hypothyroidism in pregnancy?
Your doctor will review your symptoms and exercise some blood tests to measure your thyroid hormone levels. Your doc may besides wait for certain antibodies in your blood to see if Hashimoto's disease is causing your hypothyroidism. Larn more about thyroid tests and what the results hateful.
How practice doctors care for hypothyroidism during pregnancy?
Treatment for hypothyroidism involves replacing the hormone that your own thyroid tin can no longer make. Your doctor will virtually likely prescribe levothyroxine, a thyroid hormone medicine that is the same as T4, 1 of the hormones the thyroid commonly makes. Levothyroxine is safe for your infant and especially important until your baby tin make his or her own thyroid hormone.
Your thyroid makes a second type of hormone, T3. Early in pregnancy, T3 tin't enter your babe'south encephalon like T4 tin can. Instead, whatever T3 that your baby'southward brain needs is made from T4. T3 is included in a lot of thyroid medicines fabricated with brute thyroid, such as Armour Thyroid, merely is not useful for your baby'south brain development. These medicines contain likewise much T3 and not plenty T4, and should not exist used during pregnancy. Experts recommend but using levothyroxine (T4) while yous're pregnant.
Some women with subclinical hypothyroidism—a balmy grade of the illness with no articulate symptoms—may not demand treatment.
If yous had hypothyroidism before you became meaning and are taking levothyroxine, you volition probably demand to increase your dose. Near thyroid specialists recommend taking two actress doses of thyroid medicine per calendar week, starting right away. Contact your dr. as shortly as you know yous're pregnant.
Your doctor will most likely test your thyroid hormone levels every 4 to 6 weeks for the kickoff half of your pregnancy, and at least one time later thirty weeks.one You may need to adjust your dose a few times.
Postpartum Thyroiditis
What is postpartum thyroiditis?
Postpartum thyroiditis is an inflammation of the thyroid that affects about 1 in 20 women during the first year after giving nascency1 and is more mutual in women with type 1 diabetes. The inflammation causes stored thyroid hormone to leak out of your thyroid gland. At first, the leakage raises the hormone levels in your blood, leading to hyperthyroidism. The hyperthyroidism may last upward to 3 months. Later on that, some harm to your thyroid may crusade it to become underactive. Your hypothyroidism may last upward to a yr later on your baby is born. However, in some women, hypothyroidism doesn't get abroad.
Not all women who accept postpartum thyroiditis get through both phases. Some but go through the hyperthyroid stage, and some but the hypothyroid stage.
What are the symptoms of postpartum thyroiditis?
The hyperthyroid phase oft has no symptoms—or but mild ones. Symptoms may include irritability, trouble dealing with heat, tiredness, trouble sleeping, and fast heartbeat.
Symptoms of the hypothyroid phase may be mistaken for the "infant blues"—the tiredness and moodiness that sometimes occur subsequently the baby is built-in. Symptoms of hypothyroidism may likewise include trouble dealing with cold; dry out skin; problem concentrating; and tingling in your hands, artillery, feet, or legs. If these symptoms occur in the beginning few months after your babe is born or you develop postpartum depression, talk with your doctor as soon as possible.
What causes postpartum thyroiditis?
Postpartum thyroiditis is an autoimmune condition similar to Hashimoto's disease. If you accept postpartum thyroiditis, y'all may have already had a mild course of autoimmune thyroiditis that flares up after you give birth.
How do doctors diagnose postpartum thyroiditis?
If you lot have symptoms of postpartum thyroiditis, your physician will gild blood tests to check your thyroid hormone levels.
How practice doctors treat postpartum thyroiditis?
The hyperthyroid stage of postpartum thyroiditis rarely needs treatment. If your symptoms are bothering you, your doctor may prescribe a beta-blocker, a medicine that slows your heart charge per unit. Antithyroid medicines are non useful in postpartum thyroiditis, only if you have Grave's illness, information technology may worsen after your babe is born and you may demand antithyroid medicines.
You're more likely to accept symptoms during the hypothyroid stage. Your doctor may prescribe thyroid hormone medicine to help with your symptoms. If your hypothyroidism doesn't become away, you volition demand to accept thyroid hormone medicine for the rest of your life.
Is information technology prophylactic to breastfeed while I'm taking beta-blockers, thyroid hormone, or antithyroid medicines?
Certain beta-blockers are safe to use while y'all're breastfeeding because only a small-scale amount shows upward in breast milk. The lowest possible dose to save your symptoms is best. Just a pocket-size amount of thyroid hormone medicine reaches your baby through breast milk, and then it's safe to take while yous're breastfeeding. Notwithstanding, in the case of antithyroid drugs, your doc will most probable limit your dose to no more than than 20 milligrams (mg) of methimazole or, less commonly, 400 mg of PTU.
Thyroid Disease and Eating During Pregnancy
What should I eat during pregnancy to help keep my thyroid and my baby'due south thyroid working well?
Because the thyroid uses iodine to make thyroid hormone, iodine is an important mineral for you while y'all're pregnant. During pregnancy, your baby gets iodine from your diet. You'll need more than iodine when you're meaning—well-nigh 250 micrograms a day.i Expert sources of iodine are dairy foods, seafood, eggs, meat, poultry, and iodized salt—salt with added iodine. Experts recommend taking a prenatal vitamin with 150 micrograms of iodine to make sure you're getting plenty, especially if yous don't use iodized table salt.1 Y'all also need more iodine while you're breastfeeding since your baby gets iodine from breast milk. However, too much iodine from supplements such as seaweed can cause thyroid problems. Talk with your medico about an eating program that's right for y'all and what supplements you should have. Learn more about a salubrious diet and nutrition during pregnancy.
Clinical Trials
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and other components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) deport and support research into many diseases and conditions.
What are clinical trials, and are they right for you?
Clinical trials are part of clinical enquiry and at the centre of all medical advances. Clinical trials look at new ways to prevent, find, or treat disease. Researchers also use clinical trials to look at other aspects of care, such as improving the quality of life for people with chronic illnesses. Find out if clinical trials are right for you lot.
What clinical trials are open?
Clinical trials that are currently open and are recruiting can be viewed at www.ClinicalTrials.gov.
References
Source: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/pregnancy-thyroid-disease
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